New report exposes ISI-Afghan Taliban relationship

New Delhi
13 June 2010

The relationship between Inter-Services Intelligence or ISI, Pakistan's external
intelligence agency, and the Afghan Taliban goes far beyond what was previously
thought, says a new report.

The ISI not only provides support in terms of training, funding and munitions but at least
three to seven ISI officials are represented, as participants or observers, on the Taliban
supreme leadership council, known as the Quetta Shura.

Significantly, the ISI is shown to have "even greater sway over Haqqani insurgents" led
by Jalaluddin Haqqani, whose outfit is suspected of carrying out strikes on the Indian
embassy in Kabul in July 2008 and October 2009.

The report, entitled "The sun in the sky: The relationship between Pakistan's ISI and
Afghan insurgents", is authored by Matt Waldman, a fellow at Harvard University's
Kennedy School of Government. It was released Sunday.

Waldman concludes in his report that without a change in Pakistani behaviour it will be
difficult for the US-led NATO forces and President Hamid Karzai's government to make
real peace in Afghanistan.

Speaking exclusively to this newspaper from London, Waldman described Pakistan's
support for the Afghan Taliban as "official ISI policy" and noted that its influence extends
to the top leadership of the insurgents.

Waldman's interviews with at least 14 Taliban commanders and several other officials,
including former ministers and ambassadors, between February and April 2010 suggest
that Pakistan is playing "a double-game of astonishing magnitude".

"It is hard to see how the international coalition can continue to treat Pakistan as an ally
and effective partner," Waldman says, noting how the ISI appears to have circumscribed
the Taliban's strategic autonomy, precluding steps towards talks with the Afghan
government.

However, in remarks that might cause concern for New Delhi, Waldman argues that the
fundamental causes of Pakistan's insecurity, in particular its conflict with India, must be
addressed on priority.

He reasons that Pakistan's fundamental strategic calculus has not altered significantly
over the decades in that the ISI continues to believe it needs Afghanistan to maintain
regional strength and strategic depth vis-a-vis India.

Accordingly, Waldman asserts that "it is essential that the leaders of India and Pakistan,
and outside powers such as the US and international organisations such as the UN,
make strenuous efforts to try to build trust between India and Pakistan and to move their
relationship in the right direction."

He maintains that India and Pakistan need to have a frank discussion and acknowledge
each other's concerns if the conflict in Afghanistan is to end, referring obliquely to a
former Taliban minister who is quoted as saying in the report that the root of the problem
in Afghanistan is the Pakistan-India competition.

Waldman's remarks resemble Stanley McChrystal's, the top US military commander in
Afghanistan, who had said last year that increasing Indian influence in Afghanistan is
likely to exacerbate regional tensions.

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